Three-dimensional computation of flow and sound for human hemilarynx

The flow and sound of a human hemilarynx, of which the three-dimensional surface motion (e.g. mucosal waves) is measured using the high-speed imaging techniques, are computed for Re_l=192-752 and M = 7.62 × 10^-4-2.97 × 10^-3 by solving the filtered incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (INS), coupled with the linearized perturbed compressible equations (LPCE). The predicted acoustic characteristics accord reasonably well to the experimental data for all Reynolds numbers, and it is found that the power exchange between the air-streams and the hemilarynx ranges from 0.05 to 0.175 Watts and the amount of energy exchange for one period of glottis motion is +27 to -5 μJ. The computational results indicate that the open quotient Q_o, an indicator of phonation efficiency, is well related to the energy exchange between flow and hemilarnyx and that the three-dimensional mucosal motions of the vocal fold is responsible for regulating the produced sound over a wide range of frequencies.