Toilets for education: Evidence from Kenya's primary school-level data

Hyoungjong Kim, Dong Eun Rhee

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    11 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    This study empirically examines the effects of school toilet provision on the primary-school attendance rate in Kenya. Using over 4200 school-level observations between 2013 and 2015, the results consistently show that an increase in the school toilet availability per student significantly raises the primary school attendance rate among both boys and girls. Moreover, the effects are larger for girls than for boys, and especially for pubescent girls. The results suggest that the provision of school toilets is critical to reduce the gender education gap in developing countries, as well as to improve overall school attendance.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number102090
    JournalInternational Journal of Educational Development
    Volume70
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2019 Oct

    Bibliographical note

    Funding Information:
    This research is supported by a Korea University Grant.

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

    Keywords

    • Education
    • Education inequality
    • Gender inequality
    • Health

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Education
    • Development
    • Sociology and Political Science

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