Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations

Martin G. Schultz; Sabine Schröder; Olga Lyapina; Owen R. Cooper; Ian Galbally; Irina Petropavlovskikh; Erika Von Schneidemesser; Hiroshi Tanimoto; Yasin Elshorbany; Manish Naja; Rodrigo J. Seguel; Ute Dauert; Paul Eckhardt; Stefan Feigenspan; Markus Fiebig; Anne Gunn Hjellbrekke; You Deog Hong; Peter Christian Kjeld; Hiroshi Koide; Gary Lear; David Tarasick; Mikio Ueno; Markus Wallasch; Darrel Baumgardner; Ming Tung Chuang; Robert Gillett; Meehye Lee; Suzie Molloy; Raeesa Moolla; Tao Wang; Katrina Sharps; Jose A. Adame; Gerard Ancellet; Francesco Apadula; Paulo Artaxo; Maria E. Barlasina; Magdalena Bogucka; Paolo Bonasoni; Limseok Chang; Aurelie Colomb; Emilio Cuevas-Agulló; Manuel Cupeiro; Anna Degorska; Aijun Ding; Marina Fröhlich; Marina Frolova; Harish Gadhavi; Francois Gheusi; Stefan Gilge; Margarita Y. Gonzalez; Valerie Gros; Samera H. Hamad; Detlev Helmig; Diamantino Henriques; Ove Hermansen; Robert Holla; Jacques Hueber; Ulas Im; Daniel A. Jaffe; Ninong Komala; Dagmar Kubistin; Ka Se Lam; Tuomas Laurila; Haeyoung Lee; Ilan Levy; Claudio Mazzoleni; Lynn R. Mazzoleni; Audra McClure-Begley; Maznorizan Mohamad; Marijana Murovec; Monica Navarro-Comas; Florin Nicodim; David Parrish; Katie A. Read; Nick Reid; Ludwig Ries; Pallavi Saxena; James J. Schwab; Yvonne Scorgie; Irina Senik; Peter Simmonds; Vinayak Sinha; Andrey I. Skorokhod; Gerard Spain; Wolfgang Spangl; Ronald Spoor; Stephen R. Springston; Kelvyn Steer; Martin Steinbacher; Eka Suharguniyawan; Paul Torre; Thomas Trickl; Lin Weili; Rolf Weller; Xu Xiaobin; Likun Xue; Ma Zhiqiang

doi:10.1525/elementa.244

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations

Martin G. Schultz, Sabine Schröder, Olga Lyapina, Owen R. Cooper, Ian Galbally, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Erika Von Schneidemesser, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yasin Elshorbany, Manish Naja, Rodrigo J. Seguel, Ute Dauert, Paul Eckhardt, Stefan Feigenspan, Markus Fiebig, Anne Gunn Hjellbrekke, You Deog Hong, Peter Christian Kjeld, Hiroshi Koide, Gary LearDavid Tarasick, Mikio Ueno, Markus Wallasch, Darrel Baumgardner, Ming Tung Chuang, Robert Gillett, Meehye Lee, Suzie Molloy, Raeesa Moolla, Tao Wang, Katrina Sharps, Jose A. Adame, Gerard Ancellet, Francesco Apadula, Paulo Artaxo, Maria E. Barlasina, Magdalena Bogucka, Paolo Bonasoni, Limseok Chang, Aurelie Colomb, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Manuel Cupeiro, Anna Degorska, Aijun Ding, Marina Fröhlich, Marina Frolova, Harish Gadhavi, Francois Gheusi, Stefan Gilge, Margarita Y. Gonzalez, Valerie Gros, Samera H. Hamad, Detlev Helmig, Diamantino Henriques, Ove Hermansen, Robert Holla, Jacques Hueber, Ulas Im, Daniel A. Jaffe, Ninong Komala, Dagmar Kubistin, Ka Se Lam, Tuomas Laurila, Haeyoung Lee, Ilan Levy, Claudio Mazzoleni, Lynn R. Mazzoleni, Audra McClure-Begley, Maznorizan Mohamad, Marijana Murovec, Monica Navarro-Comas, Florin Nicodim, David Parrish, Katie A. Read, Nick Reid, Ludwig Ries, Pallavi Saxena, James J. Schwab, Yvonne Scorgie, Irina Senik, Peter Simmonds, Vinayak Sinha, Andrey I. Skorokhod, Gerard Spain, Wolfgang Spangl, Ronald Spoor, Stephen R. Springston, Kelvyn Steer, Martin Steinbacher, Eka Suharguniyawan, Paul Torre, Thomas Trickl, Lin Weili, Rolf Weller, Xu Xiaobin, Likun Xue, Ma Zhiqiang

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

172 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.

Original language	English
Article number	58
Journal	Elementa
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.244
Publication status	Published - 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies supported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.

Funding Information:
Martin Schultz, Sabine Schröder, and Olga Lyapina acknowledge funding through the Helmholtz ATMO program, support from Andreas Wahner and Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and technical support from Michael Decker. Paulo Artaxo acknowledge funding from FAPESP and CNPq. Samera Hamad would like to thank Mr. Ali Jabir at the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, Baghdad, Iraq for his help in providing the data from the monitoring station at central Baghdad. X. Xu acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41330442). Ma Zhiquiang thanks the National Science Foundation of China for funding grant 41475135. Katie Read wishes to acknowledge specific funding from the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science Atmospheric Measurement Facility (NCAS AMF). Vinayak Sinha acknowledges the IISER Mohali Atmospheric Chemistry Facility and Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India for funding. Rodrigo Seguel acknowledges support from CONICYT, FONDECYT Program (Project No 11130177). James Schwab received funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Andrey Skorokhod acknowledges funding from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-47-00049) and Department of Earth Sciences RAS (project no. 0150-2015-0053). Manish Naja acknowledge the support received from ISRO-ATCTM project and ARIES, DST for the observations. Lynn Mazzoleni and Claudio Mazzoleni wish to acknowledge funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant #AGS-1110059) and the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program of the U.S. Department of Energy (grant #DE-SC0006941). Paul Eckhardt, Markus Fiebig, Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke and Ove Hermansen acknowledge funding from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Stephen Springston acknowledges support from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility program of the U.S. Department of Energy. Margarita Yela Gonzalez and Monica Navarro Comas acknowledge funding for Belgrano through grants MARACA (CGL2004-05419-C02-01/ANT), CE-ORACLEO3 (POL2006-00382) and VIOLIN (CGL2010-20353). Tao Wang acknowledges support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (G-S023) and The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153042/15E). Ozone measurements from Gadanki, India were supported by ISRO-GBP AT-CTM project and Department of Space, Government of India. Yvonne Scorgie acknowledges the New South Wales Government as the funding source for the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network, and the Office of Environment and Heritage and managers of the network and curators of the monitoring data set. Observation data from Pic du Midi were supported by the University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, and CNRS. Valerie Gros acknowledges support from IPEV, TAAF, CNRS and CEA for measurements at Amsterdam Island. Ozone observation at Puy de Dôme was mostly supported by CNRS. Ozone observation at Donon was conducted by a French regional air quality agency, ASPA. The measurements at Jungfraujoch are run by Empa in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. The monitoring data in Japan have been compiled by AEROS (Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System), and obtained from the Environmental Database provided by National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. Data from Poland were kindly provided by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, Department of Monitoring and Information on Environment, Warsaw, Poland. Data from the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network was kindly provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The Mt. Bachelor Observatory is supported by the National Science Foundation 559 (grant #AGS-1447832) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 560 (contract #RA-133R-16-SE-0758). We thank Carolyn Jordan for help accessing the AIRMAP data. We would also like to acknowledge all former colleagues who initiated the long-term monitoring of surface ozone at various sites many years ago but are no longer active in the field, and we apologize if we failed to identify additional contributors or data set PIs.

Keywords

Database
Ground-level ozone
Monitoring
Tropospheric ozone

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oceanography
Environmental Engineering
Ecology
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Geology
Atmospheric Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1525/elementa.244

Cite this

Schultz, M. G., Schröder, S., Lyapina, O., Cooper, O. R., Galbally, I., Petropavlovskikh, I., Von Schneidemesser, E., Tanimoto, H., Elshorbany, Y., Naja, M., Seguel, R. J., Dauert, U., Eckhardt, P., Feigenspan, S., Fiebig, M., Hjellbrekke, A. G., Hong, Y. D., Kjeld, P. C., Koide, H., ... Zhiqiang, M. (2017). Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations. Elementa, 5, Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.244

Schultz, MG, Schröder, S, Lyapina, O, Cooper, OR, Galbally, I, Petropavlovskikh, I, Von Schneidemesser, E, Tanimoto, H, Elshorbany, Y, Naja, M, Seguel, RJ, Dauert, U, Eckhardt, P, Feigenspan, S, Fiebig, M, Hjellbrekke, AG, Hong, YD, Kjeld, PC, Koide, H, Lear, G, Tarasick, D, Ueno, M, Wallasch, M, Baumgardner, D, Chuang, MT, Gillett, R, Lee, M, Molloy, S, Moolla, R, Wang, T, Sharps, K, Adame, JA, Ancellet, G, Apadula, F, Artaxo, P, Barlasina, ME, Bogucka, M, Bonasoni, P, Chang, L, Colomb, A, Cuevas-Agulló, E, Cupeiro, M, Degorska, A, Ding, A, Fröhlich, M, Frolova, M, Gadhavi, H, Gheusi, F, Gilge, S, Gonzalez, MY, Gros, V, Hamad, SH, Helmig, D, Henriques, D, Hermansen, O, Holla, R, Hueber, J, Im, U, Jaffe, DA, Komala, N, Kubistin, D, Lam, KS, Laurila, T, Lee, H, Levy, I, Mazzoleni, C, Mazzoleni, LR, McClure-Begley, A, Mohamad, M, Murovec, M, Navarro-Comas, M, Nicodim, F, Parrish, D, Read, KA, Reid, N, Ries, L, Saxena, P, Schwab, JJ, Scorgie, Y, Senik, I, Simmonds, P, Sinha, V, Skorokhod, AI, Spain, G, Spangl, W, Spoor, R, Springston, SR, Steer, K, Steinbacher, M, Suharguniyawan, E, Torre, P, Trickl, T, Weili, L, Weller, R, Xiaobin, X, Xue, L & Zhiqiang, M 2017, 'Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations', Elementa, vol. 5, 58. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.244

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title = "Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations",

abstract = "In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world{\textquoteright}s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.",

keywords = "Database, Ground-level ozone, Monitoring, Tropospheric ozone",

author = "Schultz, {Martin G.} and Sabine Schr{\"o}der and Olga Lyapina and Cooper, {Owen R.} and Ian Galbally and Irina Petropavlovskikh and {Von Schneidemesser}, Erika and Hiroshi Tanimoto and Yasin Elshorbany and Manish Naja and Seguel, {Rodrigo J.} and Ute Dauert and Paul Eckhardt and Stefan Feigenspan and Markus Fiebig and Hjellbrekke, {Anne Gunn} and Hong, {You Deog} and Kjeld, {Peter Christian} and Hiroshi Koide and Gary Lear and David Tarasick and Mikio Ueno and Markus Wallasch and Darrel Baumgardner and Chuang, {Ming Tung} and Robert Gillett and Meehye Lee and Suzie Molloy and Raeesa Moolla and Tao Wang and Katrina Sharps and Adame, {Jose A.} and Gerard Ancellet and Francesco Apadula and Paulo Artaxo and Barlasina, {Maria E.} and Magdalena Bogucka and Paolo Bonasoni and Limseok Chang and Aurelie Colomb and Emilio Cuevas-Agull{\'o} and Manuel Cupeiro and Anna Degorska and Aijun Ding and Marina Fr{\"o}hlich and Marina Frolova and Harish Gadhavi and Francois Gheusi and Stefan Gilge and Gonzalez, {Margarita Y.} and Valerie Gros and Hamad, {Samera H.} and Detlev Helmig and Diamantino Henriques and Ove Hermansen and Robert Holla and Jacques Hueber and Ulas Im and Jaffe, {Daniel A.} and Ninong Komala and Dagmar Kubistin and Lam, {Ka Se} and Tuomas Laurila and Haeyoung Lee and Ilan Levy and Claudio Mazzoleni and Mazzoleni, {Lynn R.} and Audra McClure-Begley and Maznorizan Mohamad and Marijana Murovec and Monica Navarro-Comas and Florin Nicodim and David Parrish and Read, {Katie A.} and Nick Reid and Ludwig Ries and Pallavi Saxena and Schwab, {James J.} and Yvonne Scorgie and Irina Senik and Peter Simmonds and Vinayak Sinha and Skorokhod, {Andrey I.} and Gerard Spain and Wolfgang Spangl and Ronald Spoor and Springston, {Stephen R.} and Kelvyn Steer and Martin Steinbacher and Eka Suharguniyawan and Paul Torre and Thomas Trickl and Lin Weili and Rolf Weller and Xu Xiaobin and Likun Xue and Ma Zhiqiang",

note = "Funding Information: This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies supported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database. Funding Information: Martin Schultz, Sabine Schr{\"o}der, and Olga Lyapina acknowledge funding through the Helmholtz ATMO program, support from Andreas Wahner and Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and technical support from Michael Decker. Paulo Artaxo acknowledge funding from FAPESP and CNPq. Samera Hamad would like to thank Mr. Ali Jabir at the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, Baghdad, Iraq for his help in providing the data from the monitoring station at central Baghdad. X. Xu acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41330442). Ma Zhiquiang thanks the National Science Foundation of China for funding grant 41475135. Katie Read wishes to acknowledge specific funding from the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science Atmospheric Measurement Facility (NCAS AMF). Vinayak Sinha acknowledges the IISER Mohali Atmospheric Chemistry Facility and Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India for funding. Rodrigo Seguel acknowledges support from CONICYT, FONDECYT Program (Project No 11130177). James Schwab received funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Andrey Skorokhod acknowledges funding from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-47-00049) and Department of Earth Sciences RAS (project no. 0150-2015-0053). Manish Naja acknowledge the support received from ISRO-ATCTM project and ARIES, DST for the observations. Lynn Mazzoleni and Claudio Mazzoleni wish to acknowledge funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant #AGS-1110059) and the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program of the U.S. Department of Energy (grant #DE-SC0006941). Paul Eckhardt, Markus Fiebig, Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke and Ove Hermansen acknowledge funding from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Stephen Springston acknowledges support from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility program of the U.S. Department of Energy. Margarita Yela Gonzalez and Monica Navarro Comas acknowledge funding for Belgrano through grants MARACA (CGL2004-05419-C02-01/ANT), CE-ORACLEO3 (POL2006-00382) and VIOLIN (CGL2010-20353). Tao Wang acknowledges support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (G-S023) and The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153042/15E). Ozone measurements from Gadanki, India were supported by ISRO-GBP AT-CTM project and Department of Space, Government of India. Yvonne Scorgie acknowledges the New South Wales Government as the funding source for the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network, and the Office of Environment and Heritage and managers of the network and curators of the monitoring data set. Observation data from Pic du Midi were supported by the University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, and CNRS. Valerie Gros acknowledges support from IPEV, TAAF, CNRS and CEA for measurements at Amsterdam Island. Ozone observation at Puy de D{\^o}me was mostly supported by CNRS. Ozone observation at Donon was conducted by a French regional air quality agency, ASPA. The measurements at Jungfraujoch are run by Empa in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. The monitoring data in Japan have been compiled by AEROS (Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System), and obtained from the Environmental Database provided by National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. Data from Poland were kindly provided by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, Department of Monitoring and Information on Environment, Warsaw, Poland. Data from the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network was kindly provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The Mt. Bachelor Observatory is supported by the National Science Foundation 559 (grant #AGS-1447832) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 560 (contract #RA-133R-16-SE-0758). We thank Carolyn Jordan for help accessing the AIRMAP data. We would also like to acknowledge all former colleagues who initiated the long-term monitoring of surface ozone at various sites many years ago but are no longer active in the field, and we apologize if we failed to identify additional contributors or data set PIs.",

year = "2017",

doi = "10.1525/elementa.244",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

journal = "Elementa",

issn = "2325-1026",

publisher = "BioOne",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report

T2 - Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations

AU - Schultz, Martin G.

AU - Schröder, Sabine

AU - Lyapina, Olga

AU - Cooper, Owen R.

AU - Galbally, Ian

AU - Petropavlovskikh, Irina

AU - Von Schneidemesser, Erika

AU - Tanimoto, Hiroshi

AU - Elshorbany, Yasin

AU - Naja, Manish

AU - Seguel, Rodrigo J.

AU - Dauert, Ute

AU - Eckhardt, Paul

AU - Feigenspan, Stefan

AU - Fiebig, Markus

AU - Hjellbrekke, Anne Gunn

AU - Hong, You Deog

AU - Kjeld, Peter Christian

AU - Koide, Hiroshi

AU - Lear, Gary

AU - Tarasick, David

AU - Ueno, Mikio

AU - Wallasch, Markus

AU - Baumgardner, Darrel

AU - Chuang, Ming Tung

AU - Gillett, Robert

AU - Lee, Meehye

AU - Molloy, Suzie

AU - Moolla, Raeesa

AU - Wang, Tao

AU - Sharps, Katrina

AU - Adame, Jose A.

AU - Ancellet, Gerard

AU - Apadula, Francesco

AU - Artaxo, Paulo

AU - Barlasina, Maria E.

AU - Bogucka, Magdalena

AU - Bonasoni, Paolo

AU - Chang, Limseok

AU - Colomb, Aurelie

AU - Cuevas-Agulló, Emilio

AU - Cupeiro, Manuel

AU - Degorska, Anna

AU - Ding, Aijun

AU - Fröhlich, Marina

AU - Frolova, Marina

AU - Gadhavi, Harish

AU - Gheusi, Francois

AU - Gilge, Stefan

AU - Gonzalez, Margarita Y.

AU - Gros, Valerie

AU - Hamad, Samera H.

AU - Helmig, Detlev

AU - Henriques, Diamantino

AU - Hermansen, Ove

AU - Holla, Robert

AU - Hueber, Jacques

AU - Im, Ulas

AU - Jaffe, Daniel A.

AU - Komala, Ninong

AU - Kubistin, Dagmar

AU - Lam, Ka Se

AU - Laurila, Tuomas

AU - Lee, Haeyoung

AU - Levy, Ilan

AU - Mazzoleni, Claudio

AU - Mazzoleni, Lynn R.

AU - McClure-Begley, Audra

AU - Mohamad, Maznorizan

AU - Murovec, Marijana

AU - Navarro-Comas, Monica

AU - Nicodim, Florin

AU - Parrish, David

AU - Read, Katie A.

AU - Reid, Nick

AU - Ries, Ludwig

AU - Saxena, Pallavi

AU - Schwab, James J.

AU - Scorgie, Yvonne

AU - Senik, Irina

AU - Simmonds, Peter

AU - Sinha, Vinayak

AU - Skorokhod, Andrey I.

AU - Spain, Gerard

AU - Spangl, Wolfgang

AU - Spoor, Ronald

AU - Springston, Stephen R.

AU - Steer, Kelvyn

AU - Steinbacher, Martin

AU - Suharguniyawan, Eka

AU - Torre, Paul

AU - Trickl, Thomas

AU - Weili, Lin

AU - Weller, Rolf

AU - Xiaobin, Xu

AU - Xue, Likun

AU - Zhiqiang, Ma

N1 - Funding Information: This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies supported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database. Funding Information: Martin Schultz, Sabine Schröder, and Olga Lyapina acknowledge funding through the Helmholtz ATMO program, support from Andreas Wahner and Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and technical support from Michael Decker. Paulo Artaxo acknowledge funding from FAPESP and CNPq. Samera Hamad would like to thank Mr. Ali Jabir at the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, Baghdad, Iraq for his help in providing the data from the monitoring station at central Baghdad. X. Xu acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41330442). Ma Zhiquiang thanks the National Science Foundation of China for funding grant 41475135. Katie Read wishes to acknowledge specific funding from the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science Atmospheric Measurement Facility (NCAS AMF). Vinayak Sinha acknowledges the IISER Mohali Atmospheric Chemistry Facility and Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India for funding. Rodrigo Seguel acknowledges support from CONICYT, FONDECYT Program (Project No 11130177). James Schwab received funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Andrey Skorokhod acknowledges funding from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-47-00049) and Department of Earth Sciences RAS (project no. 0150-2015-0053). Manish Naja acknowledge the support received from ISRO-ATCTM project and ARIES, DST for the observations. Lynn Mazzoleni and Claudio Mazzoleni wish to acknowledge funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant #AGS-1110059) and the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program of the U.S. Department of Energy (grant #DE-SC0006941). Paul Eckhardt, Markus Fiebig, Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke and Ove Hermansen acknowledge funding from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Stephen Springston acknowledges support from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility program of the U.S. Department of Energy. Margarita Yela Gonzalez and Monica Navarro Comas acknowledge funding for Belgrano through grants MARACA (CGL2004-05419-C02-01/ANT), CE-ORACLEO3 (POL2006-00382) and VIOLIN (CGL2010-20353). Tao Wang acknowledges support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (G-S023) and The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153042/15E). Ozone measurements from Gadanki, India were supported by ISRO-GBP AT-CTM project and Department of Space, Government of India. Yvonne Scorgie acknowledges the New South Wales Government as the funding source for the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network, and the Office of Environment and Heritage and managers of the network and curators of the monitoring data set. Observation data from Pic du Midi were supported by the University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, and CNRS. Valerie Gros acknowledges support from IPEV, TAAF, CNRS and CEA for measurements at Amsterdam Island. Ozone observation at Puy de Dôme was mostly supported by CNRS. Ozone observation at Donon was conducted by a French regional air quality agency, ASPA. The measurements at Jungfraujoch are run by Empa in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. The monitoring data in Japan have been compiled by AEROS (Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System), and obtained from the Environmental Database provided by National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. Data from Poland were kindly provided by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, Department of Monitoring and Information on Environment, Warsaw, Poland. Data from the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network was kindly provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The Mt. Bachelor Observatory is supported by the National Science Foundation 559 (grant #AGS-1447832) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 560 (contract #RA-133R-16-SE-0758). We thank Carolyn Jordan for help accessing the AIRMAP data. We would also like to acknowledge all former colleagues who initiated the long-term monitoring of surface ozone at various sites many years ago but are no longer active in the field, and we apologize if we failed to identify additional contributors or data set PIs.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.

AB - In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.

KW - Database

KW - Ground-level ozone

KW - Monitoring

KW - Tropospheric ozone

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042681297&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1525/elementa.244

DO - 10.1525/elementa.244

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85042681297

SN - 2325-1026

VL - 5

JO - Elementa

JF - Elementa

M1 - 58

ER -

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations

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