TY - GEN
T1 - Using 3D computer graphics for perception
T2 - APGV 2007: 4th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
AU - Schwaninger, Adrian
AU - Schumacher, Sandra
AU - Bulthoff, Heinrich
AU - Wallraven, Christian
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Everyday life requires us to recognize faces under transient changes in pose, expression and lighting conditions. Despite this, humans are adept at recognizing familiar faces. In this study, we focused on determining the types of information human observers use to recognize faces across variations in viewpoint. Of specific interest was whether holistic information is used exclusively, or whether the local information contained in facial parts (featural or component information), as well as their spatial relationships (configural information) is also encoded. A rigorous study investigating this question has not previously been possible, as the generation of a suitable set of stimuli using standard image manipulation techniques was not feasible. A 3D database of faces that have been processed to extract morphable models (Blanz & Vetter, 1999) allows us to generate such stimuli efficiently and with a high degree of control over display parameters. Three experiments were conducted, modeled after the inter-extra-ortho experiments by Bülthoff & Edelman, 1992. The first experiment served as a baseline for the subsequent two experiments. Ten face-stimuli were presented from a frontal view and from a 45° side view. At test, they had to be recognized among ten distractor faces shown from different viewpoints. We found systematic effects of viewpoint, in that the recognition performance increased as the angle between the learned view and the tested view decreased. This finding is consistent with face processing models based on 2D-view interpolation. Experiments 2 and 3 were the same as Experiment 1 expect for the fact that in the testing phase, the faces were presented scrambled or blurred. Scrambling was used to isolate featural from configural information. Blurring was used to provide stimuli in which local featural information was reduced. The results demonstrated that human observers are capable of recognizing faces across different viewpoints on the sole basis of isolated featural information and of isolated configural information.
AB - Everyday life requires us to recognize faces under transient changes in pose, expression and lighting conditions. Despite this, humans are adept at recognizing familiar faces. In this study, we focused on determining the types of information human observers use to recognize faces across variations in viewpoint. Of specific interest was whether holistic information is used exclusively, or whether the local information contained in facial parts (featural or component information), as well as their spatial relationships (configural information) is also encoded. A rigorous study investigating this question has not previously been possible, as the generation of a suitable set of stimuli using standard image manipulation techniques was not feasible. A 3D database of faces that have been processed to extract morphable models (Blanz & Vetter, 1999) allows us to generate such stimuli efficiently and with a high degree of control over display parameters. Three experiments were conducted, modeled after the inter-extra-ortho experiments by Bülthoff & Edelman, 1992. The first experiment served as a baseline for the subsequent two experiments. Ten face-stimuli were presented from a frontal view and from a 45° side view. At test, they had to be recognized among ten distractor faces shown from different viewpoints. We found systematic effects of viewpoint, in that the recognition performance increased as the angle between the learned view and the tested view decreased. This finding is consistent with face processing models based on 2D-view interpolation. Experiments 2 and 3 were the same as Experiment 1 expect for the fact that in the testing phase, the faces were presented scrambled or blurred. Scrambling was used to isolate featural from configural information. Blurring was used to provide stimuli in which local featural information was reduced. The results demonstrated that human observers are capable of recognizing faces across different viewpoints on the sole basis of isolated featural information and of isolated configural information.
KW - Face recognition
KW - Psychophysics
KW - Viewpoint generalization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36849016018&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/1272582.1272586
DO - 10.1145/1272582.1272586
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:36849016018
SN - 159593670X
SN - 9781595936707
T3 - ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
SP - 19
EP - 26
BT - Proceedings - APGV 2007
Y2 - 25 May 2007 through 27 May 2007
ER -