@article{b99148474a844ef3aa94c3167d6ce428,
title = "Zn speciation and fate in soils and sediments along the ground transportation route of Zn ore to a smelter",
abstract = "Assessment of Zn toxicity/mobility based on its speciation and transformations in soils is critical for maintaining human and ecosystem health. Zn-concentrate (56 % Zn as ZnS, sphalerite) has been imported through a seaport and transported to a Zn-smelter for several decades, and smelting processes resulted in aerial deposition of Zn and sulfuric acids in two geochemically distinct territories around the smelter (mountain-slope and riverside). XAFS analysis showed that the mountain-slope soils contained franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and amorphous (e.g., sorbed) species of Zn(II), whereas the riverside sediments contained predominantly hydrozincite [Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2], sphalerite, and franklinite. The mountain-slope soils had low pH and moderate levels of total Zn (~ 1514 ppm), whereas the riverside sediments had neutral pH and higher total Zn (12,363 ppm). The absence of sphalerite and the predominance of franklinite in the mountain-slope soils are attributed to the susceptibility of sphalerite and the resistance of franklinite to dissolution at acidic pH. These results are compared to previous Zn analyses along the transportation routes, which showed that Zn-concentrate spilled along the roadside in dust and soils underwent transformation to various O-coordinated Zn species. Overall, Zn-concentrate dispersed in soils and sediments during transportation and smelting transforms into Zn phases of diverse stability and bioavailability during long-term weathering.",
keywords = "Franklinite, Hydrozincite, Sphalerite, XAFS, Zn smelter",
author = "Kwon, {Man Jae} and Boyanov, {Maxim I.} and Bhoopesh Mishra and Kemner, {Kenneth M.} and Jeon, {Soo kyung} and Hong, {Jun Ki} and Seunghak Lee",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Mrs. Juyeon Lee and Dr. Han-Suk Kim for help during the sample collection and analysis. We thank the MRCAT/EnviroCAT beamline staff for assistance during data collection at the synchrotron. MIB and KMK were supported in part by the Wetland Hydrobiogeochemistry Science Focus Area (SFA) at Argonne National Laboratory funded by the Environmental Systems Science Research Program, Office of the Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ), under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT/EnviroCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT/EnviroCAT member institutions. This work was also supported by the Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel ( iKSNF ) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT ) (No. 2021M2E1A1085202 ) and by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the Subsurface Environment Management Project, funded by Korea{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Environment (No. 2018002440006 and 2020002440002 ). MJK was partly supported by the Korea University Grant. SL was partly supported by the KU-KIST Graduate School Project . Funding Information: The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Funding Information: We thank Mrs. Juyeon Lee and Dr. Han-Suk Kim for help during the sample collection and analysis. We thank the MRCAT/EnviroCAT beamline staff for assistance during data collection at the synchrotron. MIB and KMK were supported in part by the Wetland Hydrobiogeochemistry Science Focus Area (SFA) at Argonne National Laboratory funded by the Environmental Systems Science Research Program, Office of the Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT/EnviroCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT/EnviroCAT member institutions. This work was also supported by the Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel (iKSNF) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT) (No. 2021M2E1A1085202) and by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the Subsurface Environment Management Project, funded by Korea's Ministry of Environment (No. 2018002440006 and 2020002440002). MJK was partly supported by the Korea University Grant. SL was partly supported by the KU-KIST Graduate School Project. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129422",
language = "English",
volume = "438",
journal = "Journal of Hazardous Materials",
issn = "0304-3894",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}
